West Nile Virus (rtPCR) – Equine
The West Nile Virus (WNV) real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) test is a highly sensitive and specific molecular diagnostic tool used to detect the genetic material of WNV in equine samples, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or tissue. WNV, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes neurological disease in horses, with clinical signs ranging from fever, muscle tremors, and ataxia to severe encephalitis, recumbency, and death. Early detection of WNV is crucial for timely intervention and containment of outbreaks.The rtPCR test directly identifies WNV RNA, making it an invaluable method for confirming active infections, particularly in the early stages when antibody production may not yet be detectable. This test is essential for differentiating WNV from other neurological conditions such as equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), rabies, or other viral encephalitides. The rapid and accurate results provided by rtPCR enable veterinarians to implement appropriate treatment and management strategies, while also supporting public health surveillance in areas where WNV is endemic.
Test name
West Nile Virus (rtPCR) – Equine
Test Code
E171
Section
Molecular Diagnostics
Species
Equine
Specimen
2 ml CSF
Collection Guidelines
Collect an adequate amount of CSF in a K3EDTA (purple top tube). Gently mix well after collection. Refrigerate sample at 4oC until shipment..
Turnaround time
14-21 Days
Packing Instructions
Label each sample with the animal’s name and a unique identifier, using a permanent marker or a secure adhesive label. Ensure the submittal form is completed with the animal’s information and relevant medical history.
References
- Long, M.T., et al. “Molecular Diagnostics for West Nile Virus: Applications in Equine Populations.” Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2021.
- Pusterla, N., et al. “The Role of Real-Time PCR in Diagnosing Neurological Diseases in Horses: Focus on West Nile Virus.” Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 2022.
- Hinchcliff, K.W., et al. “Advances in Molecular Testing for Arboviral Diseases: Real-Time PCR for West Nile Virus in Equines.” Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2023.
